| Category |
Winner |
Purpose |
| Physiology or Medicine |
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian |
for the discovery of receptors in the skin that sense temperature and touch and could pave the way for new pain-killers. |
Physics
|
Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann |
for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming |
| Giorgio Parisi |
for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales |
| Chemistry |
Benjamin List and David MacMillan |
for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis |
| Literature |
Abdulrazak Gurnah |
for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugees in the gulf between cultures and continents |
Nobel Peace Prize
|
Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov |
for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace |
Economic Sciences
|
David Card |
for his empirical contributions to labour economics |
| Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens |
for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships |
